Agnon Judaism through Metaphors

Agnon Judaism through Metaphors Introduction Shmuel Yosef was a writer and a key figure in contemporary Jewish fiction. His writings tackle â€Å"conflicts in traditional living in Judaism, language, and contemporary world† (Balaban 420). As he said, religious books, viz. Talmud and Torah, mostly swayed the works of Agnon.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Agnon: Judaism through Metaphors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He acquired the name â€Å"Agnon† from one of his stories influenced by the Jewish term Agunah that represents a woman that is not capable of remarrying after being refused a divorce or being abandoned by her husband. Some argument has been raised as to what could have led to Agnon choosing this name with some claiming that it is metaphorical to the abandonment of Israel by deity (Balaban 419-420). The metaphor as illustrated in Torah concerns the moment that Israel had turned away from God and God abandoned them for th eir disobedience. In many stories, ordinary themes of Jewish traditions are portrayed through journeys. This paper discusses the stories of Agnon and the manner in which they metaphorically signify and characterize the customs and traditions of Judaism. Agunot At the start of the story â€Å"Agunot†, Agnon employs the styles of symbolism and metaphor that act as a foundation of the ensuing plot. In stating that â€Å"a thread of grace is spun and drawn out of the deeds† (Yefet 440) and that â€Å"Holy One, blessed be He, in His glory, sits and weaves† (Yefet 440), it is insinuated that God intertwines a shawl of prayers that is woven from substances consisting of deeds of the Jewish people. Like the midrashic starting ends, the deeds of the Jewish people are structured in accordance with love. Out of the deeds of accomplished and pure love, God intertwines with the help of the threads (mercy and grace). The aforementioned metaphor comes up at the opening of the story. From the â€Å"Agunot† story, the author acquired his name â€Å"Agnon†. In this story, the author has altered the term â€Å"Agunah† from a law in Judaism to psychological status of being. In Judaism, â€Å"Agunah† denotes a woman that is married but has lost his husband (perhaps in battle or indifferent settings where he could be believed to have passed on). When the whereabouts of the husband s not identified, the wife turns out to be lawfully â€Å"attached†. The word â€Å"Agunah† is obtained from a Hebrew name â€Å"Ogen† that signifies â€Å"attached†. Therefore, the wife cannot be married again before being issued with a divorce by her husband. In this regard, the wife is in an indefinite state, caught up in two worlds.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the â€Å"Agunot†, the author chang es the lawful Agunah into a psychological Agunah, portraying multiple instances of personified souls destined to be terribly attached to their desire for things they cannot acquire. The real plot narrates the story of a rich person who arrives in Jerusalem to assist in the reconstruction of the city. The rich man by the name Sire had a daughter, whom he wanted to get married to Ezekiel. Being an intellectual, Ezekiel was offered a teaching job by the rich man (Yefet 439). For the function of constructing an impressive ark in the temple, Sire employed a famous artisan whose name was Ben-Uri. Ben-Uri was a dedicated craftsman, and he dedicates his entire efforts towards his inventive function of constructing the ark. During the construction of the ark, Ben-Uri starts to sing. At this point, Dina gets so much attracted to Ben-Uri. However, Ben-Uri pays no attention to Dina and dedicates all his concentration and zeal to his task of art until he is through with the construction of the a rk, placing it near a window. When Ben-Uri dozes off in a backyard when it is already dark, Dina gets interested in knowing why Ben-Uri has stopped singing. In her nightdress, Dina goes closer to where Ben-Uri had been working and finds the completed ark near a window. When she was admiring the complex and beautiful artistic work in which Ben-Uri had totally dedicated his time and efforts to, Dina is overcome by a swift satanic urge in the form of jealousy and she throws out the ark thru the window (Yefet 441). Ben-Uri is blamed of the act and is forced to leave Jerusalem, and instead of the ark he had made, a simple one was prepared. Overpowered by guilt prior to get married to Ezekiel, Dina opens up to the rabbi and disclosed that she damaged the ark that Ben-Uri had made. The rabbi termed it as an accident. Even if Dina got married to Ezekiel, their marriage was never consummated. Both Dina and Ezekiel sat in different corners in the bedroom reflecting on the different things tha t had earlier transpired. On the same night, Ezekiel decides to divorce Dina and flees from Jerusalem (Yefet 442). The story ends on a mystical instance with assumptions of where rabbi headed to after he also leaves Jerusalem. Some of the metaphors that ensue are in some names of the characters. Ben-Uri symbolizes the Bezalzel in the bible who constructed God’s Tabernacle. Ezekiel symbolizes the Ezekiel in the bible who was a prophet and Dina symbolized the Dina in the bible who is represented as a raped woman. He says, Our sages of blessed memory said that when a man puts his first wife away from him, the very altars weep, but here [with Ezekiel and Dina] the altars had dropped tears even as he took her to wife (Agnon 7)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Agnon: Judaism through Metaphors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Kerchief In the story of â€Å"The Kerchief†, there comes up a boy as he moves th rough an entrance, when he starts to learn to join his childlike notions with the accountabilities of living in the world. While he lies in the bed of his dad, the boy gets a dream of the Christ, a magical realism (Agnon 8). He integrates his supernatural practicality of his juvenile and relates it to the function of mitzvot. As the boy grows up, his voice is augmented as the sounds of his parents diminish. His parents are reprieved, shifting to the backdrop as his real individuality, his desires and thoughts shift to the forefront. During his father’s absence, the boy would spend the nights in his bed and think of the likelihood of the return of Messiah. The Messiah as the boy believed, having intermingled with beggars, was immediately set to be identified as the Redeemer and King. In accordance with the boy, in the times that the Messiah would come back, his family could not have any distance separating them. Instead of journeys to work or to school, they would live togethe r, matching together in the courts of deity (Balaban 424). The boy could keep a record of the times of the absence of his dad by attempting a fresh loop in his fringes, after waking up every morning. The section outlined when the boy’s dad could come back from the fair is impressively gorgeous. This part carries the dream of the boy concerning his family, the value of closeness, and reverence, which are a radiance of light that grips the kids of a given family from cohort to cohort. The presents that the head of the family would bring home were valued, but temporary thus vanishing and lost after a moment (Balaban 425). Past the contentment of his riches, the storyteller is somewhat taken by a kerchief that his dad gave to his mum. The boy’s mum wears the scarf on different occasions. Nevertheless, during the Bar Mitzvah (an initiation rite in Judaism indicating 13 years of age of a Jewish lad and representing the start of religious accountability) of the boy, the mothe r ties it perfectly around the neck of the boy as a symbol of reputation. On the day of the ceremony, a beggar finds his way to the urban dwelling and he is avoided by everyone who gets near him. As the boy was on his way home, he meets the beggar and hands the exceptional kerchief to the beggar who uses it to cover his sores (Balaban 421-422). When the boy gets home, his mum immediately assures him that instead of a punishment for handing the kerchief to the beggar, he is applauded in joy for his lovely deed. In this regard, the existence of his parents, his dream concerning splendor of loving and lasting affection of his family get strongly achieved.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The digit 13 is metaphoric of a custom in Judaism. It is a number that illustrates a given maturity, a signpost of the maturity of a child. This number also symbolizes the traits of God, as earlier comprehended from a biblical perspective. Additionally, in Judaism, there exist 13 standards of faith. In the story of â€Å"The kerchief† the boys appears to make his parents contented with his deeds, illustrating the lines delineated for him, which is just the same way as a person could complete a written Torah (Balaban 423). The kerchief acquires a key and changing position in the attentiveness of the boy. The kerchief acts as the connection between the dad and mum and when the boy offers it to the beggar on the day of his Bar Mitzvah, the boy symbolizes Elijah, accomplishing a kind-hearted deed that could lead to redemption in the future. In this regard, the boy embraces both the greatest ambitions of human lessons and every one of the Godly qualities, a principle that symboliz es the best of traditions in Judaism stranded by tight traditions and kind family. Torah satisfies the Talmud. Additionally, the Talmud satisfies the scientific investigation and finally, the whole story makes the traits of a well-built person. From Lodging to Lodging The importance of this story heightens with the remembrance that Agnon initially shifted to Palestine in 1908 at the time of the second occurrence of mass migration to Palestine that took place from around 1904 until the World War I started. The aforementioned occurrence encompassed countless believers of Judaism that turned up not for the fact that they were idealists or Jewish backers of Zionism, but since riots and dire lack compelled them to (migration to Palestine was economical as compared to migration to America). The story commences with the narration of both winter and summer. The motives of sickness against those of well-being discussed at the beginning keep coming up throughout the story. The lodgings rent o ut in Tel Aviv are very close to the main bus terminus (Vais 31). The noise at the terminus keeps the narrator awake during nighttime with the sleepiness making him weary throughout the day, in such a great way that he could not actually benefit from being near the sea. Escalating the sense of sickness, the reader learns that the landlord had a kid who after being abandoned by his mum, eats dirt and is in a very pitiful state. The child cries through out the night. Even if flies could crawl over the wounds of the narrator, he was very tired to chase them away. The friends of the child’s father speak to him the way people speak to the ailing individuals. Moreover, they persistently tell him to move from one lodging to another, especially because he seemed to hate being kept awake throughout the night in Tel Aviv (Hagbi 90-95). The narrator states that Talmud’s teachings point out that individuals must never keep moving from one quarter to another, but his pals ignored h im and one of them searches new lodgings for him. The lodgings are not just new, but as well ideal. In this regard, they symbolize the dreams of a restored, healthy Israel and healthy individuals. In this story, the small house is positioned on a grassy hill away from the rowdy residents of the city and in the vineyards grown by the landlord. The portrayal of the house as well as nurturing of the land around it creates the metaphor of the resurgence of the land adored by the youthful Jewish innovators. The images of sickness and well-being keep occurring as the child’s father longs for the unique relaxation that he will experience when he gets into the house (Hoffman 147-148). Meanwhile, prior to his doing so, he generates an illness of his eyes and he is cautioned against touching the eyes to prevent them from turning out to be worse. Nevertheless, when he goes back to the lodgings in Tel Aviv, the boy, who has sick eyes and unclean fingers, keep on touching the eyes of his father even after being stopped. The representation of the illness strongly differs with the speaker’s finding when walks to the roads: I passed through the land and I saw that we had several more villages. Places that had produced only thistles and thorns had become like a garden of God. And like the land, so too the people were happy in their labors and rejoicing in building their land, their sons and daughters healthy and wholesome. Their hands were not soiled, and their eyes were not diseased (Agnon 18). The fable of the goat This story tells of an old man who falls sick and the sickness makes him get a severe and bad cough. As his treatment, the physicians prescribe the milk from a goat. The old man thus obtains a goat that demonstrates a queer pattern of conduct. Each day, the goat would disappear for a short time and come back with its udders filled with very sweet milk that calmed the cough. Puzzled by this queer conduct, the son to the old man is determined to unders tand this occurrence (Hagbi 127). The son to the old man ties the goat with a very long rope and stealthily follows her. When he followed the goat by the rope, the goat directed him to a very lengthy cave. The journey through the cave landed them to the land of Israel. Turning his eyes about the land, the son saw an attractive land that looked like the Garden of Eden. With the notice that he had reached the â€Å"promised land†, the son wrote a note to his dad directing him on the way to come after the goat on its way to this land. He attached this note at the ear of the goat as it started its journey back home. On seeing the goat without the company of his son, the old man assumed that the goat had led to the death of his son (Hagbi 129). He thereby reacted with wrath and killed the goat, only to find the note when the goat is already dead. This story ends on a sad note of disconnection of the father from his son as the cave strangely vanished with the death of the goat. The father thus forever remains in exile. The position of exile is represented as a sickness. A characteristic theme of exile from Israel in the bible as well as in the Jewish scriptures is a curse and reprimand. The affirmation of coughing from his heart rather than from his lungs symbolizes that the old man was not sick physically but psychologically (Hoffman 149-150). The reality that the milk carried by the goat originates from Israel and calms the coughing of the old man symbolizes Israel as a treatment to the psychological sickness of exile. The journey to Israel through the cave is symbolic of a spiritual walk to the Promised Land. In Hebrew, the word cord used to represent the rope tied to the goat has a pronunciation of ‘Meshicha† that calculatedly is pronounced almost the same as the Hebrew term for Messiah. To accept to have a grip on the cord â€Å"then your journey will be secure, and you will enter the Land of Israel† (Agnon 23) represents a real messia nic acceptance. Conclusion Shmuel Yosef was an author and a significant contributor in contemporary Jewish creative writing. As Yosef said, religious scriptures, Talmud and Torah, habitually influenced his writings. The stories of Agnon metaphorically signify and characterize the customs and traditions of Judaism. At the beginning of the story â€Å"Agunot†, Agnon utilizes metaphor that acts as a basis of the subsequent plot. It is from this story that the author gained his name â€Å"Agnon†. The figure 13 in â€Å"Kerchief† is metaphoric of a tradition in Judaism. The lodgings in â€Å"From Lodging to Lodging† are not merely new, but as well perfect, symbolizing the dreams of a reinstated, healthy Israel and healthy persons. In â€Å"The fable of the goat†, the journey to Israel via the cave is symbolic of a divine walk to the Promised Land. As evident in this paper, the writings of Agnon embark upon conflicts in traditional living in Judaism, lan guage and modern-day world. Agnon, Shmuel Y. A book that was lost and other stories, California: Schoken, 1995. Print. Balaban, Avraham. â€Å"A different reading of S. Y. Agnon’s story, â€Å"The kerchief.† Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 11.3 (2012): 419-425.  Print. Hagbi, Yaniv. Language, Absence, Play: Judaism and Superstructuralism in the Poetics of SY Agnon, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2009. Print. Hoffman, Anne. Language, Absence, Play: Judaism and Superstructuralism in the Poetics of SY Agnon. European Journal of Jewish Studies 5.1 (2011): 147-150. Print. Vais, Hilel. Agnon and Germany: The Presence of the German World in the Writings of SY Agnon, Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2010. Print. Yefet, Karin. Unchaining the Agunot: Enlisting the Israeli Constitutional in the Service of Womens Marital Freedom. Yale Journal of Law Feminism 20.1 (2008): 439-442. Print.

Homemade Biodiesel Titration Test Procedure

Homemade Biodiesel Titration Test Procedure One hundred percent virgin or lightly used waste vegetable oil (WVO) requires 3.5 grams of lye per liter of oil to cause a biodiesel reaction. Heavily used oil can require significantly more, and must be tested to evaluate its acidity. Titration is a common method used to determine the appropriate amount of lye (base) needed for a particular batch of WVO. Titration Equipment: an electronic scale or beam balance2 beakers or jarsa graduated dropperlitmus test strips or electronic pH meterlyeisopropyl alcoholdistilled water Following are the steps to complete a titration test: Measure 1 gram of lye on a scale.Measure 1 liter of distilled water into a beaker.Thoroughly mix the gram of lye with the liter of water until it’s dissolved.Measure 10 milliliters of isopropyl alcohol into a separate beaker.Thoroughly mix 1 milliliter of used vegetable oil into the alcohol.With a graduated eyedropper, put a 1 milliliter drop of the lye/water mix into the oil/alcohol mix.Immediately check the pH level of the oil/alcohol mix with a piece of litmus paper or an electronic pH meter.Repeat step 7, keeping track of the number of drops used, until the oil/alcohol mix has reached a pH level of between 8 and 9normally no more than 4 drops.Calculate the amount of lye needed for the biodiesel reaction by adding 3.5 (amount of lye used for virgin oil) to the number of drops from step 7. For example: suppose a titration uses 3 drops of lye/water. Adding 3.0 plus 3.5 6.5. This hypothetical batch of oil requires 6.5 grams of lye per liter of oil.

The Person of Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Person of Christ - Essay Example a. Christ’s Deity There are many passages in the Bible that confirm that Jesus is divine. Here are a few examples:- In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God†¦And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth 2 No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known3. Thomas answered him, â€Å"My Lord and my God!†4 Even though scripture clearly states the deity of Christ, these scriptures are often challenged. For instance there are those that believe that Jesus never called himself God and any verse that suggests so was written by His disciples in order to deify the man that significantly impacted their lives. There are some who believe that Jesus was only a great teacher of morality which would at best place him at per with other religious leaders.5 This notwithstanding, Jesus’ own underst anding of his deity can be seen in six primary ways. First is that he taught with divine authority 6 The difference with Jesus and the other religious teachers of his time like the Pharisees and Sadducees is that they had no authority when they presented their teaching. They derived their authority from earlier authorities.7 In fact, even Moses and all other prophets of the Old Testament sis not speak with their own authority but with the authority of the Lord. Jesus however, interprets the Old Testament thus: You have heard it said†¦but I say†¦8 it is this same authority that Jesus used to affirm himself as Lord and Judge who will reward the righteous and judge the wicked. The second view of Christ’s deity is his relationship with God the father. We see Jesus as a young boy seated in the temple discussing scripture with the teachers of the law. His parents went over looking for him and when they finally found him, his answer to their question on why he wandered fro m them was, Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?9(Luke 2:49) Jesus referred to God as His father in many other places in scripture and this assertion may be considered a radical assertion but it is also a good proof of his deity. In fact, such an assertion was not a very common thing in Jewish literature and it made him unique from other Jewish leaders both past and present. The third illustration is the phrase â€Å"son of man† which Jesus used over and over again to refer to himself. Even though the phrase might simply mean a son of a human being, Bible scholars believe he was using it in reference to the son of man described in Daniel 7 who was to be a ruler of the whole world. 10 There are many instances in Scripture in which Jesus affirmed himself as the messianic son of man. For instance, he stated that he had authority to forgive sin and he even did what was considered by experts of the law as work on the Sabbath by healing the paralytic man. Fourthly, Jesus taught many things that emphasised on his real identity. He taught about the kingdom of God in which he was a son. He taught on how he was around even before Abraham was. His emphasis on his identity can easily be seen in the question he asked

Cyber Worlds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cyber Worlds - Essay Example People have different arguments on this controversial issue some considering it as worthwhile while others viewing it as not safe and cost ineffective. Most people view prisoners as outcasts in the community and argue that they should not be treated well. Most countries do not allow inmates to have access to the internet arguing that it insecure and that they will not feel the pain of the sentence. They also say that access to internet may lead to them planning their way out since they can plan with people from outside. Denying inmates the chance to access the internet could also create more time for them to carry out other activities. Removing the family ties by no access to internet could also help them reform by feeling the pain that comes with being away from their families. Most prisons work under a tight budget and therefore removing the cost due to internet access could save much in the end. Prisons without internet access have been ranked top in terms of discipline in the prison and discipline of the prisoners in the outside world after the jail term is over. Internet tends to destroy morals of people in general and prisoners are not an exception. Therefore lack of access to internet reduces the chances of moral destruction .access to internet could also give inmates a chance to smuggle drugs by contacting the sellers of drugs. Access to the internet could also lead to the inmates keeping up with the criminal activities that are being incarcerated. Inmates have also been found taunting their victims through social media and lack of internet access could eliminate this. However, the disadvantages of denying internet access to inmates are very insignificant as compared to the advantages that it comes with. Inmates are human beings and they deserve to be treated like the rest of citizens (Bowden ,4).Prisons should be viewed as rehabilitation centers rather than centres of punishment. They should be

Environmental Issues Facing The World

Environmental Issues Facing The World A tremendous power of nature includes floods, disasters, storms, rising sea level, etc. Climate change is changing the image of our planet. Vagaries of weather are not unusual; they are becoming the norm in todays reality. The ice is melting on the planet, and it changes everything. Everyone who closely follows scientific news has no shortage of evidences of global warming. So, we are going to prove the thesis that global warming is the most pressing environmental problem facing the world today because it threatens the planet with major environmental disasters and no one can remain indifferent to the countless victims of these disasters. To start, we need to mention that the concept of global warming, being one of the most discussable issues in our society, is also considered to be a tremendous challenge to the whole humanity. To date, Paterson (1996) declared that the global scientific community has received the irrefutable proofs of the secular trend of global warming, and these proofs serve as an indicator of climate changes on the Earth. According to Cline (2007), the surface temperature of the atmosphere has increased by 0, 74  °C over the past century. And this fact brightly demonstrates the necessity to look at the problem more attentively for the purpose to develop some measures to improve a situation. Moreover, we see climate changes every day, and an appeal Stop Global Warming! looks like a part of modern life. According to the opinion of thousands of climate scientists presented in Allens, Seamans Delascios (2009) book, global warming is not only one of the greatest problems facing humanity in our century, but it is also a great challenge to politics and science. Both categories are sure that environmental problems are so important that it is time to look at them attentively, and to stop destroy nature because it may destroy us in one day. Of course, according to Cheryl DeFries (1992), there exist many supporters of the position that global warming is a fiction, but the nature is not interested in our discussions and thoughts, and ice continues to melt. So, taking into account the fact that global warming is one of the most complicated items, we can also look through a solid argument in defense of the position that global warming is not a valid threat to the earth, and we are going to do it for the purpose to demonstrate the arguments invalidation. For instance, one group of scientists still do not recognize the fact of warming and prefer to talk about it as a plausible hypothesis that needs to be carefully scrutinized because of the complexity of the analysis of global temperature changes. Yet the amount of different evidences becomes more visible and frightening every year. To continue, another group of scientists are sure that global warming is just a myth, but even having such a position, they continue to struggle against an increase of industrial garbage in human activities that harm our environment. There are no doubts that all forecasts are different, and it would be wrong to believe in those which promise the destruction of our planet in several decades, but it is always necessary to remember that the future of humanity is in our hands, and not to believe in some disasters is not the same what we understand under the concept to stay calm and do nothing. So, on the one hand, we have many obvious reasons to worry about the future. Scientists see many signs that global warming is progressing; while on the other hand, contemporary situation is not so hopeless, and a great deal of facts about the global catastrophe that is threatening Earth proved to be just gossips. Thinking about consequences of global warming, Weart (2003) stated that widespread phenomena, such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers and polar ice sheets (particularly in the Arctic), the reduction of snow and ice covered areas of the earths surface, the increase in rainfall in some regions (the eastern part of North and South America, Northern Europe, North and Central Asia ) and a decrease in others, the expansion arid zones (Africa, South Asia, part), more frequent tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic, etc. are connected with the concept of global warming. Both concepts such as the global warming and climate change affect the condition of many natural ecosystems in negative ways, and thus, they have an impact on climate conditions in the biosphere as a whole, while the biosphere influences on human existence. Being more specific, we need to state that the list of the main greenhouse gases which are responsible for global warming includes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the latter of which is a secondary product of aluminum smelting and the most potent of the greenhouse gases. However, Vaschà © (2009) said that the main greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, and 80% of its anthropogenic entrance into the atmosphere is associated with the combustion of fossil fuels. So, global warming, as it was proven by the latest research, is caused by human activities. Awareness of the seriousness of this situation gradually penetrates into the world public opinion. And the problem becomes to be possessed by the worlds attention. The media and politicians are more increasingly discuss the global warming. Moreover, a big amount of scientific researches and documentaries describe the challenges of global climate change in a full measure. Thus, it is still possible to mitigate the negative consequences, avoiding the worst. Observing the actions to stop global warming, it is possible to claim that the main solution lies in the surface of rational use of energy resources. This means the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the consumption of fossil fuels for heating, domestic hot water, industrial production and improving the efficiency of transport. Another category of effective measures to protect the environment and address the problem of global warming is the use of renewable energy sources (solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biofuel, etc.). To add, according to Harris (2003), the scientific community has offered specific recommendations to governments of different states, but the question is whether politics are going to listen to the recommendations of scientists. According to Gore (2009), many political debates are still focused on reducing carbon emissions, but there are many other ways to fix the worlds climate. For instance, there exists an interesting method for atmospheric control. Solar radiation management delivers best hopes. Atmospheric greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass, but they absorb heat and diffuse near the surface of the earth. Preserving other conditions, their higher concentrations will lead to an increase in temperature. Solar radiation management would return the sunlight into the space. So, reflection of only 1-2% of the total amount of sunlight that reaches the surface of the planet will offset the effects of a doubling of pre-industrial warming corresponding to the level of greenhouse gas emissions. Another perspective direction is seen in whitening of marine clouds by dispersion of droplets in marine clouds to reflect more sunlight. This enhances the natural process by which the salt from ocean water forms a steam with nuclei of condensation which is the base of the formation of clouds. In such a way, observing the above mentioned variations, we can say that many of the risks of climate control have been overstated. Moreover, it is a fact that whitening of marine clouds will not lead to permanent atmospheric changes and can be used only in a case of a hot necessity because conversion of sea water into the clouds is a natural process. Meanwhile, the biggest difficulty is public interpretation. Ruddiman (2005) mentioned that many environmental lobbyists oppose even the study of the climate control. This is surprising, taking into account all the possible benefits. If we most care about the measures to avoid rising of the temperature, it seems we should rejoice that this simple and profitable approach gives so much hope. In conclusion, we have observed the issue of global warming from different perspectives, and proved the thesis that global warming really threatens the planet with major environmental disasters, while everything of this was caused by negative and destructive human activities, which even now resulted in human victims. To add, we have also discussed positions of some scientists which consider global warming a myth, and proved that even they afraid of possible climate problems in future. Moreover, we have also showed that climate control is a spare variation to be used in a case of necessity, or we could turn it on todays agenda. In any case, there are good reasons to consider it. We are on the way to become the generation that has spent decades in the debate on reducing carbon emissions and failed to stop the harmful effects of warming. So, it will be a shameful legacy, which could be avoided by reviewing climate policy, and humanity suppose to provide some improvements in the way of l iving because it is never late to start living in harmony with our small blue house.

Miss fortune in My New School Story

Misfortune in my new school Arshia Amali I woke up by the blue jays singing by the tree beside my bedroom window. I got dressed in my blue jeans and my Adidas sweater. As I went downstairs my mom had a big breakfast set out on the round table. I sat down and as I started gobbling down the pancakes my brother joined us. We cleaned off the table and I took my backpack and put on my jacket to go out for school. My brother ‘Matt’ following right behind me.I and he decided to take the shortcut we found during summer break when we went biking, instead of the actual way through the streets. It had already started to snow in September and the shortcut through the pond was slippery, but we scrambled through it. As we made our way near the school, we saw some of the kids we saw when we went biking hanging out by the timeworn school sign. I guess my brother didn’t really want to enter school with me because he scurried off to a friend he met at a band competition during the break.I didn’t really find any friends during the break, except this kid named Jack who was my neighbour, but the problem with him was that he was one of the fattest kid I have seen, and all he would want to do was stay home and watch this TV show about a loser who always got beaten up. I stayed away from him all summer but I guess I shouldn’t have, because now I have to enter the school all by my self not knowing where to go or not knowing anything about the school. At least the school entrance looked warm hearted. I made way up the aged stairs of the school.I opened the door to the school and felt a warm breeze of air through my body. It didn’t look too bad like I imagined. To my left a bunch of kids were by the classroom talking to one of the teachers and to my right some kids all had their heads in one locker looking at something. I decided to go up to the administration desk and ask for my class list. The women behind the computer gave me the piece of paper with my classroom numbers. Since I didn’t know anyone, I decided to go to my class and get a bit familiar to the teacher. The classroom door was open so I decide to take a sneak at it.There was no teacher inside and so were no students. I guess no one was new to the school and had someone to hang out with. So I decide to stay in the class and read one of the books I still didn’t finish from last year until the bell ring. â€Å"BRING† The bell rang and bit by bit the students made their way in at a snails pace; I guess none of them were happy about school starting. But suddenly the most attractive girl I have ever seen came inside the room crowded with a bunch of boys trying to make a move with her. I guess she was probably the girl of the school.We started class a few minutes later and for the whole class I swear I couldn’t lay my eyes off of her until the boy behind me poked me at the back saying â€Å"Don’t even try bro. Every guy wants that gi rl! † With fury I turned around and saw a chubby boy and told him â€Å"What makes you think I won’t get her† and with confidence he said she only goes out with athletic people, making me sound like I’m not athletic. I needed to at least try to get her and to show the boy ‘Brendan† that I am athletic and could get her. But the truth was that I actually wasn’t that athletic.I was always the geek that stayed behind the computer playing games instead of going outside and playing sports. Instead of arguing with Brendan I decide to actually get to be friends with him since I didn’t know anyone else. First and second class passed by and now was lunch time. Brendan and I made our way through the halls to the cafeteria. We both got our lunch and made our way to a table where we could eat. While we ate he told me that the wrestling try outs would be today and that we should both try out since Alex will be there watching. I decide to give i t a go since she was there, and maybe wrestling will the sport I’m good at.I was actually eager to try out because I could probably show off some moves and get Alex attracted to me. For the last two blocks we didn’t really do much; we had both classes as science and all we did was read the safety rules for using the stuff in class. The bell rang and Brendan and I made our way to the gym. We got changed into our shorts and out on some equipment that the coach gave to us. We made our way into the gym; all the people trying out were big and muscular. I took a quick glance at the bleachers and saw Alex setting down with some other girl from our class.I knew I had to shine or it would go all bad. The coach put us into pairs with the same size for opponents. My bad luck struck because I was paired up with this girl that had tried out; I and she were the smallest and shortest people there so that’s why we probably got paired up together. The bad thing was that the coac h actually wanted us to wrestle each other and I didn’t really want to hurt a girl. We were the last ones to wrestle, so we both made our way to the matt and as soon as the coach said go, that girl attacked me and took me right down to the floor.Brendan helped me up and all I heard and saw was everyone laughing at me including Alex. I was pretty embarrassed. We all went back to the locker room to change back to leave. Everyone was making fun of me so I got myself out of there as soon as possible. I put on my jacket and opened the door to start walking back home. Instead of taking the shortcut I took the actual way through the street. As I was walking down the street across the school I saw Alex standing outside of the bank line with her mom. I thought the best thing to do was to change my way but instead I decided to be a man and pass her.I was around a foot away for her and suddenly a group of man came outside of the bank. They all had black masks with some sort of sweater s aying ‘BAD BOYS† on it with each of them wearing baggy ripped jeans. I guess they were robbing the bank or something because one the guys started to terrorise the people outside including me to not call the police. Then one of the guys opened some shots from his pistol in to the crowd and the only thing that popped into my mind was to jump in front of Alex to save her from a bullet; maybe instead of liking an athletic person she could like a hero that saved her life.I wasn’t really expecting the bullet to come her way but my bad luck it actually was going to hit her, so I lurched my self in front of her and got hit by the bullet. I was expecting my self to be in wounded by the bullet but instead I found my self in the hospital lying on the bed with my brother and mom beside me on the bed. I didn’t know exactly what was happening and exactly why I wasn’t dead or anything from the bullet. I asked my mom sitting beside me if they took the bullet out of me but she was more confused then ever before.So I asked her why I was in the hospital and she told me, when me and my brother took the shortcut in the morning on the way to school I fell down and hit my head on sharp piece of ice which got me unconscious. So all that just had happened to me was all a dream I guess. I’m just happy that all I went through in my dream wasn’t real because I would never want that to happen to me. And the best thing of all was that I got to miss the first day of school!

Skills for effective management education essay

Undertaking 1What Skills are required for effectual direction? Analysze with back uping grounds from ain experience, two personal accomplishment and two professional accomplishments a director demand to be effectual in their function, explicate how these contribute to run intoing both organizational and personal ends.Skills for effectual direction:The importance of managerial public presentation and effectivity has long been recognised by major authors such as Drucker who originally in 1955, propounded that: The director is a dynamic, life giving component in every concern. Without their leading ‘the resources of production remain resources and ne'er become production. In a competitory company, overall the quality and public presentation of the directors is the lone effectual advantage and endeavor in a compitive company can hold. ( Drucker, 1955 ) Managerial efficiency can be distinguished from managerial effectivity.Efficiency is concerned with making things right and relates to inputs and what the director does. Effectiveness is concerned with making the right things and associate to end product of the occupation and what the director really achieves. To be efficient the director must go to to therefore to the input demand of the job-to elucidation of the aims, be aftering organisation way and control. But in order to be effectual, the director must give attending to end product of the job-to public presentation in term of such factors as obtaining best possible consequences in the of import countries of the organisation, optimizing usage of resources, increasing profitableness and attainment of the purposes and aims of the administration. Effectiveness must be related to the accomplishment of some intent, nonsubjective or undertaking to the public presentation of the procedure of direction and the executing of the work. Lut hens effort to separate between effectual and successful directors.Effective Directors:They are defined in term of the measure and quality of criterions of public presentation and satisfaction and committedness of subsidiaries.Successful Directors:They are defined operationally in term of the velocity of their publicity within an organisation. ( Mullings L,2007 ) .Based on the research in the universe and in Vietnam and from the success of old workshops the Centre for Excellence in Management Development ( CEMD ) continuously offers the workshop on Effective Management Skills to assist people and organisation bettering their ain effectivity and efficiency. Through this workshop participants are non merely developed specific competences in the agenda but besides improved learning accomplishments easing accomplishments and teamwork skills.A Skills which are required for effectual direction are described blew under chief accomplishments and bomber accomplishments.Creative Problem Solvi ng Skills:Describing and analysing a job Identifying causes of a job Developing originative options and taking the best class of action Implementing and measuring effectual and efficiency of the determination.Communication Skills:Listening accomplishments Presentation accomplishments Feedback Skills Report witting accomplishments.Conflict Management Skills:Identifying beginnings of struggle functional and dysfunctional struggles Understanding personal manner of struggle declaration Choosing the best scheme for covering with a struggle Developing accomplishments in advancing constructive struggles in organisation and squads.Negotiation Skills:Distinguishing distributive and integrative dialogues place Identifying common errors in dialogue and ways to avoid them Developing rational thought in dialogue Developing effectual accomplishments in dialogue that benefits all parties involved.Two personal accomplishmentsTime direction Problem work outingTwo professional accomplishmentsPresentation accomplishment Report composing accomplishmentEvaluation of my professional and personal accomplishmentThese accomplishments will helpful for me in future to run into personal and professional ends. My clip direction is really good I am punctual and regular and ever reached on clip whenever I have to travel. I ne'er tardily from category or even where of all time I go ne'er tardily. This proves really helpful for me because I ne'er missed the things like talks etc. I besides have ability of job work outing. I can work out job easy and instantly and take best result of jobs. I ever try my degree best to work out the jobs every bit shortly as possible with best result so that I can get away from emphasis or tenseness. These both personal accomplishments will helpful for me in hereafter. Through practise I besides have command on study authorship, ab initio I was non able how to compose a study but go toing talks and pattern now I am able to compose good professional study. I besides gave presentation. Now it is easy for me to give good nowadays. Now I can compose down different professional study and I am able to give good presentation. These besides will helpful for me in future to accomplish organizational and personal ends.Mentions:Mullings, L. ( 2007 ) Management and Organizational Behaviour, 8th Edition: Edexcel hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cemd.ueh.edu.vn/Effective -managment-skill-e.htm ( Access day of the month 24/04/2010 )Undertaking 2Behavior a personal and professional accomplishments audit utilizing SWOT analysis. Employ cause and consequence diagram to farther analysis one professional and one personal accomplishment. Generate a elaborate action program which demonstrates how you intend to turn to countries for farther direction and leading development. Explain the impact of larning manners on personal accomplishments.SWOT stands for S=Strengths=Weaknesses=Opportunities T=ThreatsPersonal SWOT analysisStrengthsFailingsTime Management Decision Making Problem Solving Computer Skills Poor Stress Management Trouble in puting aims Poor background of concern. Not CreativeOpportunitiesMenacesSelf Improvement Feedback from coach Interaction different part ‘s people Home office, if I get failed If non acquire occupation fee entry job May be non able to go through DMSTable: 1.0: Personal SWOT analysisProfessional SWOT AnalysisStrengthsFailingsReport Writing Skill Presentation Skill Poor Leadership Poor Coaching Poor Communication SkillsOpportunitiesMenacesAfter complete DMS, I can make MBA. Deliver good Presentation Occupation in Banks Because of hapless communicating I may non able to present presentation good and lose the occupationTable 2.0: Professional SWOT AnalysisCause and consequence diagram is frequently known as Ishikawa or fishbone diagram.Professional Failing:Less opportunity to take people Poor communicating accomplishment Poor Leadership Poor coaching accomplishmentFigure: 2.1: Fishbone diagram of Poor LeadershipPersonal FailingShort Temper Poor Stress Management Poor CommunicationFigure: 2.2: Fishbone Diagram of Poor Stress ManagementBrooding AnalysisMy professional failing is hapless leading. Because I have less opportunities to take a group or people. Another cause may be hapless communicating and some clip I am non plenty able to present my message to the people. But after cognizing about my failing now I am seeking my degree best to get the better of this failing. I am seeking the abilities of how become good leader. On personal side my emphasis direction is really hapless so far. The causes of hapless emphasis directions are I am short tempered and I get angry may be there is no valid ground to acquire angry. Another cause may be hapless communicating, when I get angry I ne'er express my feelings and I feel there is deficit of words and I became soundless. But after measuring my failing I am seeking to seek the accomplishments how to pull off with emphasis. Now I am able to pull off the emphasis to some extent but it needs more attending and more clip.Learning StyleEducationist have long realised that we learn in different ways. One widely used classification of different acquisition manners that provided by Honey and Mumford. They identified four different characters with rather different preferable larning styles-the militant, the pragmatist, the reflector, the theoretician. diagnostic trials exist to set up which larning manner is more appropriate for you and assist you develop an action program to develop your larning accomplishments You should give yourself a mark between one and ten ( 1-10 ) for how good each of the description describe you. If you give it to 1 it is really hapless description of you. if u give it 10 it is really good description of you. My learning manner is Pragmatists which I describe blow.DefinitionDescriptionTonssPragmatistYou are a practical individual You like to work out jobs You enjoy experimenting to better techniques You often come up with reply to the jobs You merely interested theories is to see if they work in pattern You dislike state of affairs where there is no clear, practicle result You work good to deadlines.You learn good when:You are expected to do practical determinations Using simulations and instance surveies Learning from proven good pattern, utilizing the illustrations and the expertness of others. 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 7Pragmatist Total =78Table 3.0: Pragmatist Learning StyleInterptation of Learning StyleA pragmatist is a practical individual who likes to work out jobs. They enjoy experimenting to better techniques. They often come up with the reply to a job. Their lone involvement in theories is to see if they work in pattern. They dislike the state of affairs where there is no clear practical result.Pragmatist learns good when:They are expected to do practical determinations Timescales are tight They must break happen better ways to make things Learning from proven good pattern Learning from illustrations and the expertness of others They are expected to be after the following measure Pragmatists will peculiarly profit from developing which involves simulations and instance surveiesPragmatists learn less good when:They are expected to come up with new thoughts themselves The practical relevancy of what they are making is ill-defined They are expected to work out why a technique work As a pragmatist scholar I like to work out jobs. Harmonizing to this timescale is tight. I ever complete my work on clip. I used to larn from practical illustrations and I ever learn from good pattern. When I start pattern instantly I can understand. There are some jobs of larning when any one expects to come up with my thoughts because I am less originative. Sometime it is ill-defined for me what I am making. This exercising is really helpful for me because after to cognizing my learning manner I am seeking my degree best to get the better of my failings and seeking to larn more and heighten my strengths.Undertaking 3You need to find your ends utilizing SMART, and clearly place mark day of the months for monitoring and reappraisal. Produce an on-going development program and brooding record of direction experience.On achieving one professional and personal goal-produce a brooding analysis for each end.Personal GoalImprove Communication accomplishmentExamples:My personal end is to be tter my communicating accomplishments by larning more English. When I came in UK for survey it was really hard for me to pass on in English so I made this end that I have to larn English for good communicating and for personal development. Now I am seeking hard to larn English to pass on people and seek occupation every bit good. Regardless of the size of concern we are in whether a big corporation a little company or even a place based concern effectual communicating accomplishments are indispensable for success. Communication is really of import tool for personal development. In fact communicating is merely successful when both the transmitter and the receiving system understand the same information as a consequence of the communicating. So I started working on it and by the terminal of this month I will be able to pass on good and for this I am besides larning English. When my communicating will be effectual I became successful miss.Professional GoalImprove Leadership AbilityExam ples:Improve leading abilities is my professional end. It is the activity of taking a group or squad. I find myself that there is deficiency in my leading abilities. For this I need good communicating, being articulated, flexible, creativeness and empathetic every bit good. So to seek the leading abilities I have to larn these things every bit good. The factors that lead to this failing are weak communicating accomplishment, non plenty originative and less opportunities to lead people. So now I am seeking my degree best to larn leading abilities for professional development. Whenever I go for occupation so this will be helpful for me in hereafter.Personal Development Plan ( PDP )Learning and development demandHow does this back up your professional and personal endsLearning actions to be taken including resources needed to accomplish themDate of accomplishmentAttempt to compose professional study Improve communicating accomplishments When I will make occupation in Bankss etc. This pattern will helpful for me in future It will assist in my personal and professional development Submit my study to Dr.Gary Bell in order to derive feedback It will assist in my professional and personal development. 14th May 2010 10th May 2010.Table 4.0: Table of PDP ( Personal and Professional )Undertaking 4Writing accomplishment in being an effectual director. Include study composing as a professional failing in the SWOT analysis, and should be included in the development program. Undertake study composing exercising. On completion of the study undertake a brooding analysis of this professional accomplishment.Report on â€Å" Project Management: Is there A Crisis? †AbstractionThis study discusses about the package undertaking failure and aims to foreground the causes of package crises. Many research workers done different researches to look into out the causes of package undertaking failure. Furthermore, the article suggested that the money was wasted on ailment planned, misdirection and delayed Information Technology undertakings. The determination shows that the jobs associated with package crises still persist and believed that there is need to re-examine the package development phenomenon.Table o f ContentIntroduction†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .16 Symptoms of Software Crisis†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ ..17 Primary Causes of Software Crisis†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. †¦ †¦ ..18 Decision†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 19 Mentions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .20IntroductionThe package industry has grown and evoveled over decennaries. This is calculating and Information Technology age and these became demand of the hr because they made our life easier as earlier earlier. Calculating and package engineering has become more sophisticated and powerful every twelvemonth which can trip new package markets. Furthermore clients are going more ambitious and are bring forthing more demanding demands. Sadly, the package industry is still tarnished by jobs, such as cost overproductions, scheduladge slippage and hapless merchandise quality. These jobs known as the ‘software crisis ( Conte et al 1986 ) .Anecdotal grounds that in the UK the crisis is non slaking is provided. Therefore, we argue that one primary cause is package undertaking direction and associatory orthodox attacks. Charette ( 2005 ) has complied some dumbfounding failure statistics. He mentioned that package undertaking failure accurse in about every state, like UK, USA, Australia, and Canada on big or little degree. He discusses that package crises cost was $ 17.33 billion merely in America. Later on a comprehensive study was conducted by KPMG ( 1995 ) , utilizing sample of 250 UK organisation. They find out approximately 62 % organisation had at least one major package failure.Symptoms of Software Crisis:The research worker finds out many symptoms of package crises. Some ( Conte et al,1986 ) have highlighted a crisis within the package industry. Glass ( 1998 ) points out that there is no comprehensive study analyzing what per centum of package undertaking fail. Cost, bringing clip and quality are identified as the three symptoms to measure the success or failure of a undertaking of a undertaking. Anecdotal grounds is used to foreground the symptoms and primary causes of undertaking failure which engenders serious concerns. Researcher happen out the symptoms which lead to package undertaking failure are rather common like cost over from appraisal, money wasted on ill-planned, mismanagement and delayed InformationTechonology undertakings which leads to project failure.Primary Causes of Software Crisis:Charette ( 2005 ) and Glass ( 1998 ) , discovered many primary causes of package undertaking failure. These are under below.Unspecified aims and bad planning:Glass ( 1998 ) happen out the chief ground of package undertaking failure are the aims were non specified and they did n't made proper planning and appraisal need resources before they start any undertaking and which cause the package undertaking failure.Inadequate Methodology:They used unequal methods for undertaking direction and did non cognize the proper methodological analysis of different undertakings.Insufficient senior staff and undertaking complexness:There were less experient staff and largely the undertakings were really complicated.Therefor e, it was hard for new and junior staff to manage the undertaking complication.Hardware/Software job:Poor public presentation of the providers. Those who supply the hardware and package some clip they create job which leads to package crisis. There are many more causes which create job and do the package undertaking like stakeholder political relations, commercial force per unit area and unmanaged hazard etc.Decision:It is concluded that the symptoms and causes of the package undertaking failure, many factors involved in the crisis but the chief thing it had to be done before start any of the undertaking is that analysts should implement it or use it in a limited country, after the test if it is win so they should use as a whole. It is need to re analyze the package development phenomenon so that it can bring forth better consequences in future.